Treatment of a moderate volume of hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage in the basal ganglia by 3D printed guide plate-assisted hematoma puncture and catheter drainage / 中国基层医药

Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy of 3D printed guide plate-assisted hematoma puncture and catheter drainage in the treatment of a moderate volume of hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage in the basal ganglia.Methods:The clinical data of 42 patients with a moderate volume of hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage in the basal ganglia who received treatment with 3D printed guide plate-assisted hematoma puncture and catheter drainage in Dazhu Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College from January 2016 to January 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. In the traditional puncture group, there were 19 patients who received traditional punctures according to preoperative cranial CT findings (traditional puncture group). In the 3D printed guide plate puncture group, there were 23 patients who received hematoma puncture and catheter drainage assisted by a 3D printed guide plate. Preoperative preparation time (from admission to operation), operative time, the number of hematoma punctures, hematoma clearance rate, postoperative indwelling time of drainage tube, residual hematoma rate, the occurrence of puncture canal bleeding, intracranial infection, Glasgow Coma Scale score measured at 3 and 7 days after surgery, and Glasgow Outcome Scale score measured at 1, 3 and 6 months after surgery were compared between the two groups.Results:There were no significant differences in preoperative preparation time and operative time between the two groups ( t = 0.25, 0.40, both P > 0.05). 3D-printed guide plate-assisted hematoma puncture reduced the probability of reveiving one more hematoma puncture during the surgery. There was no significant difference in the number of hematoma puncture between the two groups ( χ2= 0.48, P > 0.05). There were no significant differences in the probabilities of puncture canal bleeding and intracranial infection between the two groups ( χ2 = 0.05, 0.03, both P > 0.05). Postoperative indwelling time of the drainage tube in the 3D printed guide plate puncture group was significantly shorter than that in the traditional puncture group [(3.10 ± 0.38) vs. (3.46 ± 0.52) days, t = 2.65, P < 0.05]. The residual hematoma rate in the 3D printed guide plate puncture group was significantly lower than that in the traditional puncture group [(32.04 ± 5.33)% vs. (37.37 ± 5.51)%, χ2 = 3.20, P < 0.05]. There were significant differences in Glasgow Coma Scale score measured at 3 and 7 days after surgery between the two groups [(12.04 ± 1.19) points vs. (11.26 ± 0.93) points, (13.65 ± 0.88) points vs. (12.94 ± 0.97) points, t = 2.33, 2.46, both P < 0.05]. Glasgow Outcome Scale score measured at 1, 3, and 6 months after surgery in the 3D printed guide plate puncture group was 18, 21, and 22 points, respectively, which was significantly higher than 9, 11, and 12 points in the traditional puncture group ( χ2 = 4.34, 4.69, 5.17, all P < 0.05). Conclusion:3D printed guide plate assisted hematoma puncture and catheter drainage for treatment of a moderate volume of hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage in the basal ganglia can increase the accuracy of puncture, decrease hematoma residual rate, improve short- and long-term prognosis, does not prolong preoperative preparation time. Moreover, it costs low, is safe, and is easy to learn.

Decreases of progressive motility, total motility, and acrosin activity of sperm from oligoasthenoteratospermia males at different time points after sperm activation / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the progressive motility, (PR), total motility (progressive + non-progressive motility, PR + NP), and acrosin activity of sperm from normal and infertile men at different time points after sperm activation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Based on the 5th edition of the WHO Laboratory Manual for the Examination and Processing of Human Semen and the results of modified Papanicolaou staining, we divided the semen samples into groups A (normal, n = 28), B (oligoasthenoteratospermia, n = 30), and C (asthenoteratospermia, n = 32). At 1, 24, and 48 hours after sperm activation, we detected sperm PR and PR + NP by CASA and chemical colorimetry, and determined sperm acrosin activity using the modified Kennedy method.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Sperm PR and PR + NP were significantly decreased in all the three groups at 1-24 hours and even more significantly at 24-48 hours after sperm activation as compared with the baseline (P < 0.05). Sperm acrosin activity showed remarkable reduction in group A (P = 0. 013) , even more significant at 1-24 hours than at 24-48 hours after sperm activation, but not in groups B and C (P = 0.519 and 0.979).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Sperm PR, PR + NP, and acrosin activity are all decreased with the extension of time after sperm activation, each in a specific manner. Examination of sperm acrosin activity should be applied as a routine tool in the assessment of male fertility.</p>

Profiles of innate immune receptors and cytokines in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in children with measles / 中华儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>The aim of this study was to explore the roles and clinical significance of innate immune receptors and cytokine in children with measles.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The children with measles hospitalized in the department of infectious diseases, Children's Hospital of Fudan University during 2009-2011 were enrolled into measles group, while the healthy children examined in well baby clinic were enrolled into control group. The mRNA expression of TLR2/3/4/7, melanoma differentiation-associated gene-5 (MDA-5), retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I), IFN-α/β and IL-10 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells were detected by real-time PCR. The protein levels of IFN-α, IFN-β and IL-10 in plasma were measured using ELISA. SPSS 13.0 software was applied to analyze the difference between two groups.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Data from a total of 98 patients in measles group and 59 children in control group were collected. The mRNA expressions of TLR2, MDA-5 and RIG-I had no statistical significance between two groups (P > 0.05, respectively). The relative mRNA expressions of TLR3, TLR4, TLR7 in measles group (2.25 ± 0.74, 2.05 ± 0.72, 2.12 ± 0.29) were significantly lower than those in control group (2.09 ± 0.78, 1.90 ± 0.75, 1.87 ± 0.68) (P < 0.01; respectively). Both IFN-α and IFN-β had significantly decreased mRNA expressions in measles patients (2.41 ± 1.31, 2.47 ± 1.26) compared with those in controls (2.22 ± 0.48, 2.35 ± 0.64)(P < 0.01 respectively); however, IL-10 mRNA levels significantly increased (2.49 ± 0.58 vs. 2.62 ± 0.95) (P < 0.001). The IL-10 levels in plasma in measles group were significantly higher during the whole period of fever [<5 d group: 29.89 (25.82-38.15) ng/L and ≥ 5 d group:34.55 (28.26-38.70) ng/L] than that in control group [25.15 (24.20-27.38) ng/L] (P < 0.05 respectively).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>TLR3/4/7 mRNA expression was low in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of measles patients. Levels of IL-10 were significantly raised in the early stage after infection and lasted for a long time, and reduced IFN-α levels in plasma were associated with the fever durations of measles patients. These results indicated that multiple TLRs and cytokines may participate in the immune response after measles virus infection.</p>

The first confirmed pediatric case with H7N9 avian influenza virus infection in China / 中华儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To understand the clinical and epidemiological aspects of avian influenza A (H7N9) virus infection in children.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The clinical data of the first confirmed pediatric case of avian influenza A(H7N9) virus infection were collected, and the epidemiological information, presenting symptoms, laboratory investigation, management and outcome were analyzed. The data of the pediatric cases were also compared with those of the adults cases.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The case reported in this paper was a previously healthy 3.6-year-old boy residing in rural area of Shanghai. He had onset of fever and mild rhinorrhea on 31 March 2013 and he was afebrile and well since April 3. Influenza A (H7N9) virus was detected in his nasopharyngeal sample collected on 1 April through national Influenza-like Illness surveillance using real-time reverse transcriptase PCR and virus culture.His family raised domestic poultry with no apparent disease and there was no virological evidence of H7N9 infection. Monitoring and testing of 16 contacts had not found any secondary infection.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The clinical course of H7N9 avian influenza virus infection in children was relatively mild as compared to adult cases. The source of infection and detail of exposure for children have not been known yet. Continued surveillance studies of mild and severe respiratory disease and subclinical infection are essential to further characterize the epidemiology and clinical spectrum of this emerging H7N9 virus infection in children.</p>

Study on hepatitis C virus genotypes in Yantai district, Shandong province / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To understand the hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype distribution in Yantai district of Shandong province, and to explore whether the HCV genotypes was relevant to the injure of liver through the index of liver function.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Using specific PCR primers to amplify the HCV RNA 5' UTR/NS5B,then PCR products were sequenced by genetic analyzer. The genotypes were identified by alignment to the GenBank reference sequences and construction the phylogenetic tree of 5' UTR.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among 9 unpaid blood donors we detected two kinds of genotypes of 1b and 3a, respectively, 8 cases (88.9%) and 1 case (11.1%). Among 33 cases of hepatitis C patients we detected the 1b, 2a and 6a the three kinds of genotypes, respectively, 22 (66.7%), 10 (30.3%) and 1 (3.03%) cases. Subtype 1b is the advantage of popular genotype in HCV carriers from Yantai district, and the distribution of 1b was no significant difference in the different population (chi2 = 0.796, P = 0.373); The difference of indicator of liver damage in the different genotypes of subjects were significant (P < 0.05), the mean of ALT, AST of 2a-subtype carriers was significantly higher than the 1b-subtype population.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The genetic diversity of HCV in Shandong Yantai district was presented. The main genotypes were 1b-subtype, and 3a and 6a-subtype was detected firstly. The genotype of HCV were relevant to the liver damage indicators, 2a-subtype hepatitis C virus infection in the liver cells may play an important role in the disease process.</p>

Detection and analysis of gene polymorphism in hepatitis B virus C region / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the variations of gene C in hepatitis B viruses between hepatitis B patients and healthy carriers, and provide experimental evidences for analysis of virus gene mutations acting on the virus material science and response of the body to the virus.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The virus DNA load in hepatitis B patients and healthy blood donors was investigated by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Gene sequence analysis was taken to detect gene polymorphism, and all the success samples were compaired with standard strain by DNAstar.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1)G Compared with standard strain, C region in all samples had mutations, there were 31 mutations in at least 2 samples (3 mutations in gene PreC and 28 mutations in gene C), including 9 missense mutations, 1 chain termination mutation and 21 synonymous mutation. Mutations nt 1827 c-->a and nt 2221 c-->t existed in all the samples, and most samples had 6 synonymous mutations. Four hepatitis B patients had mutation nt1896 g-->a, and another 4 patients had 2 mutations, namely, S87G and I97F (or 197L) in HBcAg CTL recognition episome. (2) The success ratio of amplification and sequencing of HBV DNA was closely associated with its copy numbers. In the present study, copy numbers of HBV DNA which were successfully amplified and sequenced were almost more than 40 193/ml.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>HBV genome were easily affected by nucleotide mutations, 2 residues had mutations in gene of C region, which is firstly reported, suggesting these mutations may be geographical restricted. Mutations in gene of C region may either change the structure and function of HBeAg and HBcAg, which may further induce the escape of immune clearance for HBV or influence the detection of HBsAg or HBeAg, which may creat new problems for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of hepatitis B.</p>

Estimation on the number of drug users in Hongjiang, Hunan: a capture-recapture study / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To estimate the number of drug users in Hongjiang, Hunan and to develop strategy for drug reduction in the future.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Two capture-recapture methods were used to estimate the numbers of drug addicts. Random stratified sampling survey was used to verify the optimum allocation. The first capture-recapture method (CR1) referred to the number from optimum allocation random stratified sampling survey conducted in the communities and the number from local Public Security Bureau list being the second capture. The second capture-recapture method (CR2) referred to the collection of records in the detoxification unit with an interval of 4 months. The estimated number was calculated under Seber's adjustment formula. Face to face interview was carried out during the optimum allocation random stratified sampling survey process.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Of 1388 interviewed in the communities, 24 (1.73%) were identified as drug addicts under the optimum allocation random stratified sampling survey. When the figure 1.73% was applied to the total population (72,709) in Hongjiang, the result yielded an estimation of 1258 drug addicts. The estimated numbers of CR1 and CR2 were 904 and 1069 respectively. However, the number was 1.3 to 1.6 fold higher than the reported number (687) by local Public Security Bureau.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The capture-recapture method seemed a better method in estimating the number of drug addicts.</p>

Association of interferon-gamma + 874 gene single nucleotide polymorphism with susceptibility to intrauterine HBV infection / 中华儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the susceptibility of children to develop intrauterine hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection through studying the association between interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) + 874 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and intrauterine HBV infection.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The subjects were selected from outpatients who were in our hepatitis B (HB) vaccine following-up clinics. The subjects whose mothers were HBV carriers were inoculated with HB vaccine or HB vaccine and hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIg). Intrauterine HBV infection was defined as peripheral blood HBsAg and/or HBV-DNA positive at birth and lasting for six months (group I). Normal immune children were defined as peripheral blood negative for HBV marker since birth and afterwards HBsAb titers were above protective level (group II). The subjects were composed of the following two groups. Group I consisted of 46 children with intrauterine HBV infection. Group II was composed of 73 normal children. A Taqman fluorescence polymerase chain reaction for the IFN-gamma + 874 SNP was performed for both groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>IFN-gamma + 874 SNP was tested successfully for every subject. Frequencies of AA, AT and TT genotype were 67.4%, 19.6% and 13.0% in the intrauterine HBV infection group, and 45.2%, 30.1% and 24.7% in the normal immune children group. A significant difference was found in the frequency distribution of IFN-gamma + 874 genotype between the two groups (chi(2) = 5.102, P = 0.02389). In the intrauterine HBV infection group the AA genotype was more common than in normal immune group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>There is an association between IFN-gamma + 874 SNP and intrauterine HBV infection. This study suggested the possibility that IFN-gamma + 874 SNP might be important in determining an individual's susceptibility to development of intrauterine HBV infection.</p>

Retrospective analysis of intraspinal enterogenous cyst / 第三军医大学学报

Objective To improve the diagnosis and treatment of neurenteric cyst. Methods The clinical manifestations, MRI characteristics and surgical results of 11 cases of intraspinal neurenteric cysts were analyzed. Results Positive pathological signs and paresis appeared in all cases, and radicular pain in 9 cases. The symptoms were episodic in 2 cases whose courses were more than 3 years. MRI could clearly demonstrate the exact extension of the cyst and the surrounding structures. These cysts showed as slightly long T 1, long T 2 homogeneous signal on MRI. Their neurological functions improved steadily after complete resection in 8 cases, subtotal resection in 3 cases. Conclusion Neurenteric cysts are rare congenital lesions, often associated with vertebral anomalies and occurred at subdural cervical location, anterior to the cord. MRI is a more effective and convenient method for neurenteric cyst image investigation. Total or subtotal resection of neurenteric cysts with subsequent recovery in neurological function is usually possible.